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443 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
443 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# 一体机数字人配置指南
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本项目用于在 x86 架构设备（如迷你主机、工控机、普通电脑等）上部署一套完整的数字人展示系统，实现以下功能：
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- 开机自动进入 Kiosk 全屏浏览器，展示指定网页
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- 后台运行唤醒词检测服务，支持语音交互
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> **说明**：本文档以 **Intel N100 迷你主机（天虹 QN10-100B4）** 为例进行部署演示，其他 x86 设备可参考调整（注意网络配置和声卡设备差异）。
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## 适用环境
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| 项目 | 说明 |
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| 示例硬件 | 天虹 QN10-100B4（Intel N100） |
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| 操作系统 | Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) |
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| 示例用户 | xz（请根据实际情况替换） |
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| 网络 | Wi-Fi 连接，固定 IP（可按需改为有线） |
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## 部署流程
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1. 系统初始化（换源、连网）
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2. 安装图形组件与 Kiosk 浏览器
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3. 配置自动登录与图形界面
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4. 部署唤醒词服务（Python 环境 + 麦克风）
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5. 优化开机速度与隐藏启动信息
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---
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### 系统初始化（换源、连网）
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```
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sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
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sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null <<EOF
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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EOF
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echo 'Acquire::ForceIPv4 "true";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99force-ipv4
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```
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安装网络管理工具（若已存在可忽略）
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Bash
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```
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install network-manager -y
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sudo systemctl start NetworkManager
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sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
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```
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设置wifi密码，固定ip
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> **提醒**：以下命令中的 Wi-Fi 名称、密码、IP 地址均为示例，请务必替换为你自己的实际信息。
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Bash
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```
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sudo nmcli device wifi connect "MERCURY_1812" password "12345678"
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sudo nmcli connection modify "MERCURY_1812" ipv4.addresses "192.168.0.86/24" ipv4.gateway "192.168.0.1" ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114" ipv4.method "manual"
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sudo nmcli connection up "MERCURY_1812"
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```
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### 第一步：安装核心图形组件与浏览器
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这里我们坚持“极简主义”，坚决不装多余的桌面环境（如 GNOME/KDE），只装底层驱动、最轻量的窗口管理器（Openbox）、隐藏鼠标工具以及 Chromium 浏览器。
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Bash
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```
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sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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sudo apt install net-tools vim fonts-wqy-microhei fonts-wqy-zenhei alsa-utils pulseaudio -y
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sudo apt install --no-install-recommends xserver-xorg x11-xserver-utils xinit openbox unclutter -y
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wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
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sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb -y
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rm google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
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sudo apt purge snapd -y
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```
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### 第二步：配置 TTY1 开机免密自动登录
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为了避免手动输入账号密码的尴尬，我们通过修改 systemd 服务，让系统一开机就自动以 `xz` 的身份登录。这里使用一键写入命令，彻底避开由于 `nano` 或 `vi` 操作不当导致的保存失败问题。
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**1. 创建配置目录：**
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Bash
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```
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/
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```
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**2. 写入自动登录规则：**
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Bash
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```
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echo -e "[Service]\nExecStart=\nExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --autologin xz --noclear %I \$TERM" | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/override.conf
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```
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**3. 重载服务并设置默认启动目标：**
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Bash
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```
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
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```
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### 第三步：配置登录后自动启动图形界面
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系统自动登录后默认停留在黑底白字的命令行，我们需要配置脚本，让它一旦登录立马启动 X11 图形环境。
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**1. 触发 `startx` 的启动逻辑：**
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直接将触发代码追加写入你的个人环境配置文件中：
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Bash
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```
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cat << 'EOF' >> ~/.bash_profile
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if [ -z "$DISPLAY" ] && [ "$(fgconsole)" -eq 1 ]; then
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exec startx
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fi
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EOF
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```
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**2. 告诉 `startx` 去启动 Openbox：**
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Bash
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```
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echo "exec openbox-session" > ~/.xinitrc
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```
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### 第四步：配置“铜墙铁壁”的 Openbox 与浏览器
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这是最核心的一步：关闭屏幕休眠、隐藏鼠标、全屏锁定浏览器，并写一个“死循环”保证浏览器被意外关闭后也能瞬间复活。
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**1. 创建 Openbox 配置目录：**
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Bash
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```
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mkdir -p ~/.config/openbox
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```
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**2. 写入自启动脚本 (`autostart`)：**
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复制以下整段代码并回车（这会自动把所有保护规则写进文件里）：
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Bash
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```
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cat << 'EOF' > ~/.config/openbox/autostart
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# 关闭屏幕保护
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xset -dpms
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xset s noblank
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xset s off
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# 隐藏鼠标
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unclutter -idle 0.1 -root &
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# 死循环启动 Chromium（崩溃或被关也能秒重启）
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while true; do
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google-chrome \
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--kiosk \
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--no-first-run \
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--no-default-browser-check \
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--disable-infobars \
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--disable-session-crashed-bubble \
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--disable-translate \
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--disable-external-intent-requests \
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--autoplay-policy=no-user-gesture-required \
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--use-fake-ui-for-media-stream \
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"https://www.douyin.com"
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sleep 2
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done &
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EOF
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```
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**3. 屏蔽 `Alt+F4` 退出快捷键：**
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为了防止别人插上键盘强行关掉窗口，我们把 Openbox 默认的系统快捷键干掉。
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Bash
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```
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cp /etc/xdg/openbox/rc.xml ~/.config/openbox/
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sed -i '/<keybind key="A-F4">/,/<\/keybind>/d' ~/.config/openbox/rc.xml
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```
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### 第五步：重启验收成果
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如果拔掉网线或不需要等待所有网络上线，可禁用网络等待服务，避免开机卡顿
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Bash
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```
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sudo systemctl mask systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
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sudo systemctl mask NetworkManager-wait-online.service
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```
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隐藏开机信息（GRUB）
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Bash
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```
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sudo sed -i 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=.*/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet loglevel=3 systemd.show_status=false vt.global_cursor_default=0"/g' /etc/default/grub
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echo 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE="hidden"' | sudo tee -a /etc/default/grub
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echo 'GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=0' | sudo tee -a /etc/default/grub
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sudo update-grub
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```
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声音设置成100%，然后 重启：
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Bash
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```
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amixer -q sset Master 100% unmute
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sudo reboot
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```
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### 部署唤醒词服务
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在一体机上部署唤醒词检测服务，需要安装 Python 环境、上传项目文件、配置 Camera 麦克风和开机自启。
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#### 1. 安装 Miniconda
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```bash
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wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
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bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -b -p $HOME/miniconda3
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~/miniconda3/bin/conda init bash
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source ~/.bashrc
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rm Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
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```
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确保登录时自动进入conda环境
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```bash
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if ! grep -q '.bashrc' ~/.bash_profile; then
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cat << 'EOF' >> ~/.bash_profile
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if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
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. ~/.bashrc
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fi
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EOF
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fi
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```
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#### 2. 创建 Python 虚拟环境
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```bash
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conda create -n test python=3.10 -y
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conda activate test
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```
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若出现 Terms of Service have not been accepted 错误，执行：
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```bash
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conda tos accept --override-channels --channel https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main
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conda tos accept --override-channels --channel https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r
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```
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#### 3. 上传项目文件
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将开发机上的 `main/digital-human/` 整个目录上传到一体机的 `~/digital-human/` 目录：
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```bash
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# 在开发机上执行（将 <一体机IP> 替换为实际 IP）
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scp -r main/digital-human/ xz@<一体机IP>:~/digital-human/
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```
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#### 4. 安装系统依赖
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唤醒词服务需要音频采集库和 ALSA PulseAudio 插件：
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```bash
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sudo apt install libportaudio2 portaudio19-dev libasound2-plugins -y
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```
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#### 5. 安装 Python 依赖
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```bash
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cd ~/digital-human/wakeword_runtime
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pip install numpy
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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#### 6. 下载唤醒词模型
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模型文件不包含在项目中，需要单独下载配置，详见 [docs/digital-human-wakeword.md](digital-human-wakeword.md) 中的“模型下载”章节。
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#### 7. 修改 Openbox 自启动脚本
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需要在 autostart 中加上 PulseAudio 和 Camera 麦克风配置，并将 Chrome 地址改为测试页面。
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先确认 Camera 麦克风在 PulseAudio 中的设备名：
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```bash
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pulseaudio --start
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pactl list sources short
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```
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找到包含 `USB_Camera` 的那一行，记下完整名称，例如：
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```
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alsa_input.usb-SN0002_2K_USB_Camera_46435000_P030D00_SN0002-02.mono-fallback
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```
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然后用完整内容覆盖 autostart（将 `TARGET_MIC` 替换为你的实际设备名）：
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```bash
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cat << 'EOF' > ~/.config/openbox/autostart
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# 1. 启动声音服务并稍作等待
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pulseaudio --start
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sleep 1
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# 2. 锁定 Camera 的麦克风（请替换为你的实际设备名）
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TARGET_MIC="alsa_input.usb-SN0002_2K_USB_Camera_46435000_P030D00_SN0002-02.mono-fallback"
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# 3. 设为系统默认麦克风
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pactl set-default-source "$TARGET_MIC"
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# 4. 解除静音
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pactl set-source-mute "$TARGET_MIC" 0
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# 5. 音量拉到 100%
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pactl set-source-volume "$TARGET_MIC" 100%
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# --- 极简桌面与浏览器环境配置 ---
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# 关闭屏幕保护
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xset -dpms
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xset s noblank
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xset s off
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# 隐藏鼠标
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unclutter -idle 0.1 -root &
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# 死循环启动浏览器（崩溃或被关也能秒重启）
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while true; do
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google-chrome \
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--kiosk \
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--no-first-run \
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--no-default-browser-check \
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--disable-infobars \
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--disable-session-crashed-bubble \
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--disable-translate \
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--disable-external-intent-requests \
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--autoplay-policy=no-user-gesture-required \
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--use-fake-ui-for-media-stream \
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"http://127.0.0.1:8006/index.html"
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sleep 2
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done &
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EOF
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```
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#### 8. 配置唤醒词服务开机自启
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创建 systemd 服务文件，让唤醒词服务开机自动运行。
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先确认当前用户的 UID：
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```bash
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id -u $(whoami)
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```
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然后用查到的 UID 替换下面 `1000`（通常第一个用户就是 1000）：
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```bash
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sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/digital-human.service << 'EOF'
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[Unit]
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Description=Digital Human Runtime
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After=network.target sound.target
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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User=xz
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Environment=XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
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Environment=PULSE_SERVER=unix:/run/user/1000/pulse/native
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WorkingDirectory=/home/xz/digital-human
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ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
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ExecStart=/home/xz/miniconda3/envs/test/bin/python start.py
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Restart=on-failure
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RestartSec=10
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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EOF
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```
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> **重要说明**：
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> - `User=xz` — 替换为你的实际用户名
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> - `/run/user/1000` — 替换为你实际的 UID
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> - `WorkingDirectory` 和 `ExecStart` 中的路径 — 替换为你的实际部署路径
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> - `Environment` 中的 PulseAudio 环境变量**必须保留**，否则唤醒词服务和浏览器无法同时使用 Camera 麦克风
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启用并启动服务：
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```bash
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl enable digital-human
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sudo systemctl start digital-human
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```
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#### 9. 常用服务管理命令
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start digital-human # 立即启动
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sudo systemctl stop digital-human # 停止
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sudo systemctl restart digital-human # 重启
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sudo systemctl status digital-human # 查看状态
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journalctl -u digital-human -f # 查看实时日志
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```
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